Since 1980s, China’s economy and urbanization have been experienced continually high growth rate without proper environmental protection strategy. As results, the ecological degradation and environmental pollution, such as, land desertification, ecosystem degradation, water resource deficiency, energy shortage, biodiversity loss, air and water pollution, and acid rain overspreading, have become the main challenges for China towards economic and social sustainable development. It has been a key issue for China to search a new development way to match the extremely high population pressure, poor economy and degrading ecosystems and deteriorating environment. In order to meet the critical issue, we have made big efforts in studying the regional sustainable development strategies, in addition to initiated “the Research Report for China 21st Agenda” for central government, the original version of “China’s Agenda 21st” in early of 1990’s after UN Rio Conference. In the studies, we took province and city as cases to study their sustainable development strategies and policies, such as Hainan Province, Anhui Province, and Gansu Province, Beijing, Guangzhou, Haikou, and Yangzhou city. For instance, we made eco-province construction planning for Hainan province, the first eco-province construction planning in China. In the planning, firstly, the Hainan’s social and economic development status, resource and environmental trends, and its necessarily and feasibility for the eco-province construction were analyzed and assessed. Then, the goals and main tasks for eco-province construction were identified as developing cycling economy, protecting environment and conservation ecosystem, building up the ecological community, and cultivating eco-culture. Thirdly, the approaches for the eco-province planning implementation were designed as government guidance, technology acceleration, society participation, enterprise initiation, international cooperation, and typical demonstration. The eco-province construction of Hainan provided a new way for China implement the sustainable development strategy, and provide new model for the regional sustainable development in China. At same time, we made 11 priority projects design and planning, including Hainan Eco-Industrial development Planning, Spatial Planning for Hainan Industrial and Cities, Boao Asian Forum Ecological Planning and Design, Macun Ecological Industrial Park Planning, Hainan Nature Reserve Network Planning, Haikou Ecological City Planning. Hainan province government adapted the eco-province construction as Hainan long-term development strategy. The Guideline of Hainan Eco-Province Construction was approved by Hainan People Representative Congress. The strategy of Hainan eco-province construction was praised by center government as providing a new way for China implement the sustainable development strategy, and provide new model for the regional sustainable development in China. By 2004, there were 6 other provinces, which took eco-province as their long-term development strategy after Hainan.